Black line, tobacco, orange and green stains are all exogenous extrinsic stains, initially at least. may be extrinsic or intrinsic. Black stain (BS) is considered a special form of dental plaque unique for its insoluble iron salts and high calcium and phosphate contents. C. While the issue is most common in children, rarely, it may also occur in adults. firm, little or no tendency to bleed. . The Ministry of Health, Singapore (MOH) , notes that certain medications or diseases may affect your tooth colour, and that teeth may take on a darker appearance with age. With an abundance of calcium in the mouth and a. orange/yellow extrinsic stain? stain associated with chromogenic bacteria from poor oral hygiene. c. Frequency: Most common in children -because tooth has just erupted. originates from a source outside the tooth caused by environmental agents acquired after tooth eruptionThe black stain, which is most often seen near the gum line on on both the front and back of the teeth of children, is the result of the action of chromogenic bacteria. Restorative procedures, such as veneers or composite bonding, achieve a better aesthetic result for clients with tetracycline-stained teeth because gray-blue stains are resistant to tooth bleaching. Stains that Originate from sources outside the tooth - May be extrinsic & intrinsic and become incorporated within the tooth structure . black-line stain-extrinsic-gram-positive bacteria; typically located on cervical 1/3 of facials and linguals. I wonder if it's because this bacteria is immune to good hygiene, so you're killing the bacteria that don't cause this stain,, allowing the black line stain bacteria to thrive. Colonies of these orange or green bacteria usually mean that you need to do a better job of cleaning your child's teeth. Black or Black Line stain. Most often seen in children with enamel irregularities. It is thought the iron compound is formed due to the interaction of hydrogen sulfide produced by the chromogenic bacteria and iron in the saliva or gingival fluids *Dental stains orthodontics OHE Effective health communication preventive counseling and behavior change caries management caries risk assessment and salivary testing. 3 As summarised in Box 2, score 1 corresponds to the presence of pigmented dots or thin lines with incomplete Abstract and Figures. Buccal view of upper and lower anterior teeth before the bleaching procedure. Besides affecting how a person’s smile looks, green teeth. Subjects. Study sets, textbooks, questions. Chromogenic bacteria cause this. Chromogenic bacteria can cause deposits on teeth different from usual dental plaque. Some children have had luck using CloSys mouth rinse, as it targets sulfur producing bacteria. Examples of least common extrinsic staining is ? orange, red, and metallic stains. In the Future. Black Line Stain. It differs in etiology, appearance, composition, location and severity. will not change the color at all. Start studying Stains. Terms in this set (15) Extrinsic. PPE. algae, and some bacteria. 1. 047). the growth of the chromogenic bacteria that cause black stain. Black-Line Stain. Test. Most commonly are from Chlorhexodine, coffee. originates from chromogenic bacteria (which causes the color) metallic stain. Drugs that could cause metallic stain - iron sulfide - potassium permaganate. copper/brass> green/blu, Nickel>green, Cadmium= yllw/brwn (Extrinsic Stain) Sets found in the same folder. Directed Extrinsic Stain. Learn. Like yellow stains, orange and green discoloration are linked to poor oral hygiene, but the difference is the presence of a certain type of bacteria called chromogenic bacteria. ex: yellow stain, green stain, black stain, orange & red stains. 3) Chromogenic bacteria 4) Any age, Primarily childhood; permanent or primary teeth 5) Depends on home care 6) Poor oral hygiene 7) Often demineralized teeth under green stain, not wise to scale these teeth, should polish instead 8) Check what drugs, where they work, or do they smoke marijuana black line stain-Gram positive bacteria-Another name:. and Prevotella sp. Examples of Extrinsic Stain. caused by compounds, organic chromogens, attached to the pellicle producing a stain. Classify stain by. exogenous and endogenous. Flashcards. on the outside surface of the tooth. Any child repeatedly affected by chromogenic bacteria will find that the. This type of stain is associated with a low incidence of cavities in children and adults, and is caused by a type of Gram-positive bacteria that produces a certain colour, or chroma, which makes it identifiable. -Teeth are frequently clean and shiny with a tendency to lower incidence of caries. 'Black stain' is a poorly understood form of tooth discolouration by dental professionals. 1. Yellow stain. Create. Learn. 1 BS has a reported prevalence between 1% and 20%, and it can occur at any age, although its prevalence appears to peak in childhood. Tooth discoloration is a frequent dental finding associated with clinical and esthetic problems. I had this severe problem of black stains caused by chromogenic bacteria on my teeth. Esthetics Retention - thick stain provide a rough surface for biofilm to collect Evaluation of patient homecare. The currently available methods for black stain prevention such as dental scaling, scraping and use of chemicals etc. 9%. Flashcards. Coat lips with lubricate. stains classified by source. Start studying DH101- stains, selective, polishing, disclosing. Magical Effect of Lactoferrin on Black Stained Teeth Associated with Iron Metabolism. 1. Create. -Chlorhexidine rinse. 6 Brown stains are common and could be due to a number of causes, such as tobacco and foods/beverages. posterior teeth. Upgrade to remove ads. general ways teeth can be stained or discolered. oral. Home. These stains are firmly attached to the tooth and are difficult to remove with conventional toothbrush and toothpaste. Some examples of the most common extrisic stain are ? Coffee, tobacco, yellow, green and black line stain. Chromogenic bacteria cause stains, typically at the gingival margin of the tooth. How is the composition of black line stain different from supraginival calculus? in supragingival calculus, cocci predominate. posterior teeth -often found in people with excellent oral hygiene. Two types of. chronologic. Rare, seen on anterior teeth-produced by chromogenic bacteria. etiology is food . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the 3 different ways that discoloration may occur?, Where are extrinsic stains located?, What are some examples of extrinsic stains? and more. Match. → False, Stains that occur on the external surface of the tooth → ExtrinsicStains and green teeth are often caused by a bad lifestyle, medication, and poor eating habits. Color of Stain. It may occur on primary or permanent teeth. . Hygiene is. Green stain. caused by chromogenic bacteria, fungi, chlorophyll. Intrinsic Stains (In). composition -Green Stain (Extrinsic) - Chromogenic bacteria ,gingival hemorrhage and fungi, by blood pigment from decomposed hemoglobin, and. Start studying Dental Stains and Discoloration. a pigmented substance on the surface of the tooth or within a tooth that result in abnormal discoloration stain associated with chromogenic bacteria from poor oral hygiene (could also be green in primary) what are foods that cause extrinsic stains? balsamic vinegar, berries, beets, dark chocolate, candy, nuts, slush is, popsicles, sauces, sweets Using tobacco, drinking coffee or tea and consuming alcohol can lead to black teeth stains. staining results when the drug is taken when the teeth are developing because the drug has an affinity for calcified tissues, such as bones and teeth; the. Caries prevalence was 49. Only $35. There's no guarantee that the issue won't return in the future, but removing this type of discoloration couldn't be any easier. Black stain (BS) manifests as dots or black lines distributed in parallel to the gingival margin of teeth commonly in the cervical third, and is firmly attached to the. Orange tooth stains typically occur near the gum line and are caused by the presence of chromogenic (photographic) bacteria or food buildup. Caused by poor oral hygiene when bacteria or fungi are retained in the bacterial plaque. Match. Black stain (BS) was found as dark pigmented lines or incomplete coalescence of dark dots on the cervical enamel following the contour of the gingiva. Stain Pigmented substance, either on the surface of the tooth or within the tooth, that results in an abnormal discoloration of a tooth a) it can adhere directly to tooth surfaces b) it can be contained within calculus or soft deposits c) it can be incorporated in the tooth surfaceStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like how dental stains occur:, classification of stains:, exogenous stain and more. The leading causes of black material developing between teeth include dense plaque and calculus buildup, food/drink stains, tobacco use, defective dental work, trauma, medications, periodontal disease, and certain medical conditions. Dhruv Gupta,. stains that occur on the external surface of the tooth. The arrangement of teeth The form of the teeth The form of the gingiva Saliva Mastication Restorations. I have always had pretty good hygiene, brushing morning and night and flossing daily, so I. For tartar. It is caused by color producing (chromogenic) bacteria. Home. In contrast, black line stains contain a low number of cariogenic bacteria, which means fewer harmful cavity-causing agents are present. Start studying dental stains and discoloration. Chromogenic bacteria stain. Light brown, sometimes yellowish, stain forms on the teeth in the pellicle. Staining. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. It is getting worse and worse. how extrinsic stains are removed. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like CHAPTER 22 - stains Stains occurring within the tooth structure that cannot be removed are A. Studies where caries parameters are not described in terms of the type of dentition. Black stain (BS) manifests as dots or black lines distributed in parallel to the gingival margin of teeth commonly in the cervical third, and is firmly attached to the enamel, thereby complicating. cervical 1/3 max anterior . -chromogenic bacteria in plaque or enamel cuticle-fungi-decomposed hemoglobin (bleeding)-inorganic elements. Habits such as smoking or chewing tobacco can also cause the development of stain on teeth. Classification of stains by Location. Usually on buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth. The stains are absorbed onto tooth surface deposits such as plaque bacteria (white, sticky substance) that accumulate on teeth, especially around the gum line. if teeth have a black line stain, they are. A traumatic ulcer, Which of the following can be observed on the lingual surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth? A. Tobacco Products: Smoking or chewing tobacco can result in extrinsic stains on the teeth, which can range from yellow to dark brown or black. Brown pellicle. Its aetiology is not completely understood, although the black pigmentation is likely to be an insoluble ferric salt precipitate, produced by chromogenic bacteria. 2. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like dental stains occur in 3 ways:, the significance of dental stains:, extrinsic stains and more. occurs on the external (outer) surface of the tooth. Green stain. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like where do extrinsic stains occur, where do intrinsic stains occur, where do exogenous stains develop and more. 2- biofilm maturation. Where does black line stain occur? What is a countinous 1mm wide line and is found in gerneally clean mouths. 7 black-stained teeth. Poor dental hygiene and tartar buildup can also result in dark stains on the teeth. Green stain. Black Line Stain, Extrinsic. Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related. 1. Write. pigmented dental biofilm, brown stain, black stain. Stain. Stain-causing bacteria form on the teeth when a person does not practice regular oral hygiene habits. Medical/dental history: Food diaryStart studying Chapter 21 dental stains. Match. In most cases, black line stains may be detected at the gumline. Green and orange stains are supposedly associated with an increased amount of caries and, actually, they represent pigmentation of dental plaque. Exposure: black stains of any amount or extent related to primary teeth. What surfaces of the tooth is black-line stain distributed on? facial and lingual surfaces, following contour of crest into proximal surfaces. Black tooth stain is a type of extrinsic discoloration of the tooth. [ 1 ] Thin black line, firmly attached to the tooth surface: Near gum line on front & back of teeth; Area in between teeth; Orange Stain: Chromogenic bacteria front and back of upper incisors: Green Stain: In children frequently associated with inadequate plaque removal (brushing) Green or greenish yellow stains of considerable thickness: front. black line stain, Tobacco stain, Miscellaneous Brown stains,. Chromogenic bacteria can blacken the biofilm between teeth. Dental Stains and Discolorations. Comparators: children without dental black stains. Black tooth stain (BTS) is a common condition characterized by an extrinsic discoloration of teeth due to the deposition of bacterial plaque enriched in calcium phosphate minerals and insoluble iron-containing compounds (1, 2). Stain incorporated within tooth structure or restorative material. The blue line usually happens when a crown is placed and the cells of the gingival margin are not recieving air. What can endogenous intrinsic stains be caused by?. Dental Materials - Teeth whitening materials. What is the clinical appearance of extrinsic black line stain? facial and lingual; typically posterior teeth. 3 Additionally, previous theories postulated that chromogenic bacteria, such as P. For clinicians, most interesting external tooth discoloration in children has been the black discoloration, which is more frequently observed compared to the other types. scaling and polishing, brushing and flossing. Other than that, old restorations and fillings may sometimes form dark stains on their margins as a result of dental caries (tooth decay) . g. gingivalis, contributed to the black pigmentation. Terms in this set (31) Extrinsic. - C: Green stain, which is also found in clients with poor oral hygiene, occurs near the cervical third of the teeth - black stain (black-line stain) can occur in clients with meticulous oral hygiene. endogenous. Saliva ejector. Chromogenic bacteria, most often Actinomyces species, are well known to cause stains on teeth. Abstract. This type of stain is associated with a low incidence of cavities in children and adults, and is caused by a type of Gram-positive bacteria that produces a certain colour, or chroma. Black line stain-unknown/natural tendency-cervical 3rd aprox 1mm above gingival margin and aprox 1mm wide-usually on posterior teeth on linguals-occurs in females and with patients with good oral hygiene. black line stain-tenacious stain, 1mm line along GM-lingual and proximal surfaces of max posteriors-iron supplements may cause this. Poor oral hygiene can leave the teeth looking dull and yellow. Green or Orange Stain: usually on your child's front teeth at the gum line. Black tooth stain is a type of extrinsic discoloration of the tooth. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. An _____ stain is within the tooth. Erinhrmt. The stain consists of tar products. Study sets, textbooks, questions. Iron fortified rice is another example of something that may cause the black satin on children’s teeth. What are metallc stains. a pigmented substance on the surface of the tooth or within a tooth that result in abnormal discolorationincorporated internally into the tooth structure and may result from developmental disturbances of the developing teeth, hereditary conditions, or be related to age. can be removed. Home. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What 3 ways do stain adhere to teeth?, What are gingival disease and tooth decay related to?, What does stain play a role in? and more. tobacco stainWhat are the organic components of calculus? non-vital microorganisms, desqaumated epithelial cells, leukocytes, mucin from saliva, cholesterol phospholipids, fatty and amino acids. Some scientific research suggests that it is associated with iron compounds (ferric sulfide) and betel leaf chewing habits. Upgrade to remove ads. It’ll help prevent some staining. Stain usually caused by food pigments on dental biofilm, common to all ages, more evident when care is neglected, appears a dull yellow. Home. calculus formation. SOURCE-comes from chromogenic bacteria and hemoglobin in bacteria-occurs in primary teeth Black line stain where is the stain? caries and fissures? -GM is demarcated from the brown-black stains -low caries -black in fissuresStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Chlorophyll, Chromogenic and more. Tabacco Stainyellow, green, black line, tobacco, brown, orange and red and metallic stains. Learn. Test. Tobacco stain. By Guest | 116 posts, last post 8 months ago. Knowledge of the. Results: The prevalence of black stain was 8. are reported with several drawbacks. Comparators: children without dental black stains. b. This "external cause" pigmentation problem usually occurs in children's milk teeth. It is due to the presence of a form of bacterial plaque living in the child’s oral environment. Patients with black chromogenic stains with Lobene stains index score more than 1 in group A. Effect of bleaching agents on black tooth stains caused by chromogenic bacteria: 10 years follow-up case report. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like dental stains occur in 3 ways:, the significance of dental stains:, extrinsic stains and more. Have you been noticing discoloration on your teeth. Near gum line on front & back of teeth 2. It is an extrinsic stain that can be removed. It can be diagnosed as pigmented, dark lines parallel to the gingival margin or as incomplete coalescence of dark dots rarely extending beyond the cervical third of the crown. Exogenous; Extrinsic associated with poor oral hygiene, chromogenic bacteria, fungi, and. Extrinsic dental black stain (BS) can appear as a complete or incomplete black line on the buccal and/or lingual surfaces of the teeth near the gingival margin. The presence of black line stains indicates the presence of chromogenic bacteria. Chromogenic bacteria can cause deposits on teeth different from usual dental plaque. 1 / 218. It can be diagnosed as pigmented, dark lines parallel to the gingival margin or as incomplete coalescence of dark dots rarely extending beyond the cervical third of the crown. Black tooth stain is a characteristic extrinsic discoloration commonly seen on the cervical enamel following the contour of the gingiva caused by chromogenic bacteria. most commonly on the lingual surfaces of lower anterior teeth. -primarily facial -chromogenic bacteria and fungi -Occur at any age -results from bad oral health care, chromogenic. , Exogenous extrinsic stain and more. Pigment producing bacteria are called. fungi, chromogenic bacteria, biofilm and acquired pellicle, matallic and marijuana can stain it as well. *Too much fluoride *White spots of teeth. In contrast, black stains, which generally appear as black lines along your gums, can be present even with great oral hygiene because they’re caused by iron in your. other names for black-line stain. 3. It can be diagnosed as pigmented,. It may become thick and hard, with partly smooth and partly rough surfaces. discoloration most often found in children; found on the facial surface of the maxillary anterior teeth at the cervical third, containing chromogenic bacteria and fungi; varies from light to dark green or yellowish-green. stains are. 2. Usually teeth are clean, iron compounds in saliva. Over the last century, the etiology of black stain has been the subject of much debate. 047). Appearance: Thin black line, Distribution: Cervical third of facial and lingual, Origin: Iron supplements Tobacco Stain: Appearance, Distibution, Origin, and another type Appearance: Leathery brown to black, Distribution: Lingual cervical third, Occurrence &. It is possible that this patient’s child has the same type of Gram-positive chromogenic bacteria on his teeth, creating the same. a ll ages, more kids, females w/ clean mouths (Extrinsic Stain). 1 / 41. It presents as an incomplete line of dark dots. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. From Chromogenic bacteria (Extrinsic Stain) Metallic Stains. Other brown stains VI. Chromogenic stains on the teeth are a common problem among people who are taking iron supplements, however it is not only limited to those people. Black stains occur in form of lines or bands, continuous or dotted, near the gingival margins and interproximal area, reaching all teeth. A sticky mass that contains bacteria and grown in colonies on the teeth. Extrinsic staining of the teeth can make the teeth look gray, brown, yellow, orange, or green these stains can be due to: Food stains such as after eating blueberries. Green or Orange Stain: usually on your child's front teeth at the gum line. Black tooth stain (BTS) is a common condition characterized by an extrinsic discoloration of teeth due to the deposition of bacterial plaque enriched in calcium phosphate minerals and insoluble iron-containing compounds (1, 2). Orange stain resulting from chromogenic bacteria C. I did read that people with black line stain tend to have excellent dental hygiene. streaked following grooves or lines in the enamel. orange stain-extrinsic-chromogenic bacteria in plaque; associated with poor oral hygiene; typically located on anterior teeth. chromogenic bacteria and gingival bleeding. 3. When you drink/eat stuff that stays easily eat/drink it in one setting, don’t sip on it all day long. Start studying Stains & Polishing. Most of the studies concerning this issue were conducted in pediatric population. One of the major causes of teeth blackening are the chromogenic bacteria which form biofilm in the teeth. These deposits can cause tooth discoloration to black or even green and. Chromogenic Bacteria. Cervical 3rd near the gingival margin. The significance of stain is primarily _____. For example, a black line stain on teeth is usually an indication that certain minerals have been fossilized into the tartar. yellow, green, black line, and tobacco. 1. The stain is composed of ferric sulfide and is formed by the reaction between hydrogen sulfide produced by bacterial action and iron in the saliva and gingival exudates. -Often found in coffee, tea, and chromogenic bacteria. Chromogenic bacteria can cause black/brown, green, orange or blue discolorations on the tooth surfaces of children. stain contained w/in calculus and soft deposits 3. Biofilm-associated bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. Flashcards. Participants with BTS had a lower caries burden and better oral hygiene (P = 0. arranged in order of time. can occur on primary or permanent teeth, more common in childhood, found in clean mouths, etiology is unknown, continous line that follows contour of gingivl margin. It is likely that the cause will be more than one. Black Stain (BS) is the accumulation of iron in tissues and secretions, which along with chromogenic bacteria, are the primary cause of this pathology. Results from chromogenic (pigment producing) bacteria or fungi. chromogenic (colored) bacteria and gingival bleeding . producing color or pigment. Dentinogenisis imperfecta. Over the last century, the etiology of black stain has been the subject of much debate. 2 other stains caused by Chromogenic bacteria. Gram positive rods-Actimomyces species Bacteriodes melaninogenicus. Study EXAM 2: DENTAL STAINS flashcards. Second statement is false. It may also represent stained enamel cuticle (Nasmyth's membrane). Chromogenic bacteria and fungi. Mechanical wearing away of teeth or tooth substance seen as a v-shaped depression at the CEJ caused by toothpicks or brushing too hard. This type of bacteria can only be treated by a dentist. Cigarette smoking has been associated with a number of diseases, and all of them are far worse than simple staining of the teeth. }Usually found on maxillary anterior teeth of children, but can be found at any age. meaning they are then incorporated within the tooth. 3. Michaela_Brantley. What are "chromogenic bacterial stains"? The environment of the oral cavity is conducive to the. Gram + bacteria (actinomyces) binding to pellicle that turns black due to this. Tooth discoloration is a frequent dental finding associated with clinical and esthetic problems. They can be removed by professionally cleaning the tooth’s surface with delicate techniques and tools which do not scratch it, such as: – ultrasounds. Sign up. Offering alternative products that may decrease stains, suggesting whitening agents, and providing education on proper oral hygiene will help assist patients with their staining frustrations. -Bacteria can cause demineralization/decay under stain. purpose of disclosing agent. in MCF-7 cell line: MTT assay. Black tooth stain is a type of extrinsic discoloration of the tooth. absorbed by bones and teeth. This type of stain is found. Source. Expert solutions. May also be associated with decalcification of the tooth under the stain. Match. It looks like pigmented black lines along the gumline. Effect of bleaching agents on black tooth stains caused by chromogenic bacteria: 10 years follow-up case report Figure 1. 1038/s41415-022-4345-0. An investigation has been carried out into the nature of the black pigment in black extrinsic tooth stain. We relocated to. Subjects. along a small curved line following the facial of the gingival crest, 2. red . Very interesting. By Guest | 116 posts, last post 8 months ago. Pulpless or traumatized teeth Disturbances in tooth development Drug-Induced stains and discolorations Other systemic causes. BTS is clinically diagnosed based on the deposition of dark-colored lines or dots parallel to the gingival. Children with less frequent intake of marmalade or honey (P = 0.